Extensor hallucis longus

The extensor hallucis longus (Latin: musculus extensor hallucis longus) is a thin muscle located in the anterior compartment of the lower leg between the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles. It extends from the fibula to the distal phalanx of the hallux. As the name suggests, the primary function of the muscle is the extension of the first toe.

Origin

The extensor hallucis longus muscle originates from the middle one-third of the anterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane of the leg.

Insertion

The extensor hallucis longus inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the first toe (hallux or big toe).

Action

The extensor hallucis longus muscle provides extension of the hallux at the first metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Additionally, it assists in the inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot.

Innervation

The extensor hallucis longus is innervated by the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4 - S1) - a branch of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve.

Blood supply

The extensor hallucis longus receives arterial blood supply from the branches of the anterior tibial artery.