The hip region muscles include the following:

Anterior muscle group (flexors)
- Iliopsoas muscle - Iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle
- Psoas minor muscle
Posterior muscle group (extensors)
- Gluteus maximus muscle
- Gluteus medius muscle
- Gluteus minimus muscle
- Tensor fasciae latae muscle
- Piriformis muscle
- Obturator internus muscle
- Obturator externus muscle
- Superior gemellus muscle
- Inferior gemellus muscle
- Quadratus femoris muscle

Piriformis

The piriformis muscle is a small skeletal muscle located in the gluteal region.

Origin: pelvic surface of the sacrum in the lesser pelvis, gluteal surface of the ilium, sacrotuberous ligament.

Insertion: the piriformis exits the lesser pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur.

Action: abduction and external rotation of the femur.

Innervation: nerve to the piriformis (L5 - S2).

Blood supply: superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, internal pudendal artery.

Obturator internus

The obturator internus muscle - internal obturator is a muscle of the posterior group of the pelvic muscles.

Origin: internal surface of the obturator membrane in the lesser pelvis, boundaries of the obturator foramen.

Insertion: the obturator internus exits the lesser pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen and inserts into the medial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.

Action: external rotation of the femur, stabilization of the hip joint.

Innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5 - S2).

Blood supply: obturator artery, internal pudendal artery.

Obturator externus

The obturator externus muscle - external obturator is a triangular shaped muscle of the posterior group of the pelvic muscles.

Origin: external surface of the obturator membrane, boundaries of the obturator foramen.

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur.

Action: external rotation of the thigh, stabilization of the hip joint.

Innervation: obturator nerve (L2 - L4).

Blood supply: obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery.

Superior gemellus

The superior gemellus muscle is a small triangular shaped muscle of the posterior muscle group of the pelvis.

Origin: ischial spine.

Insertion: medial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.

Action: external rotation of the thigh.

Innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5 - S2).

Blood supply: internal pudendal artery, inferior gluteal artery.

Inferior gemellus

The inferior gemellus muscle is a muscle of the posterior group of the pelvic muscles.

Origin: ischial tuberosity.

Insertion: medial aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.

Action: external rotation of the thigh.

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1).

Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral artery, inferior gluteal artery.

Quadratus femoris

The quadratus femoris muscle is a flat, quadrilateral muscle of the posterior group of the pelvic muscles.

Origin: ischial tuberosity.

Insertion: the muscle passes laterally and inserts onto the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.

Action: external rotation of the thigh, adduction of the thigh, stabilization of the hip joint.

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1).

Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery.

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Muscles of hip region (part 3)