The medial group of the plantar muscles contains the following muscles:

Abductor hallucis muscle
Flexor hallucis brevis muscle
Adductor hallucis muscle - oblique head and transverse head

Abductor hallucis

The abductor hallucis muscle is a muscle of the sole of the foot.

Origin: medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity (calcaneus), flexor retinaculum.

Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux (big toe).

Action: abduction and flexion of the hallux, supporting the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S1 - S2), a terminal branch of the tibial nerve.

Blood supply: medial plantar artery and first plantar metatarsal artery.

Flexor hallucis brevis

The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is a muscle of the sole of the foot. It is composed of two heads - lateral and medial.

Origin: the lateral head originates from the lateral cuneiform bone and cuboid bone, while the medial head - from the tendon of the tibialis posterior.

Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux (lateral head - from the lateral aspect, medial head - from the medial).

Action: flexion of the big toe, supporting the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S1 - S2).

Blood supply: medial plantar artery and first plantar metatarsal artery.

Adductor hallucis

The adductor hallucis muscle is a two-headed muscle of the sole of the foot.

Origin: its oblique head originates from the cuboid bone, lateral cuneiform bone, and bases of the 2nd to 4th metatarsal bones, and also from the tendon of the peroneus (fibularis) longus. The transverse head of the adductor hallucis originates from the plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments of the 3rd to 5th toes, and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments of the 3rd - 5th toes.

Insertion: lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe.

Action: adduction and flexion of the big toe, and supporting the transverse arch of the foot.

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2 - S3), a terminal branch of the tibial nerve.

Blood supply: branches of the posterior tibial artery (lateral plantar artery).

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Medial group of plantar muscles