The posterior longitudinal ligament is a strong, elongated band that extends along most of the spine. It is attached to the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies and their respective intervertebral discs, lining the anterior wall of the vertebral canal.

This ligament runs from the body of the axis (C2) to the anterior wall of the sacral canal of the sacrum. Superiorly, it continues as the tectorial membrane, which connects the axis to the clivus of the occipital bone. The posterior longitudinal ligament is typically narrower than its anterior analog, the anterior longitudinal ligament.

In contrast to the anterior longitudinal ligament, the posterior longitudinal ligament consists of two layers:

Superficial layer - connects three or four vertebral bodies;
Deep layer - extends between two vertebrae.

This ligament is also one of the primary spine stabilizers. It limits spinal flexion, enhancing overall stability. Also, the posterior longitudinal ligament reinforces the intervertebral discs.

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Posterior longitudinal ligament