The superior gluteal nerve is a motor nerve that arises from the ventral rami of the fourth lumbar to first sacral nerves (L4 - S1) in the lower pelvis. It originates from the posterior divisions of these ventral rami and innervates muscles in the gluteal region.

After arising, the nerve travels posterolaterally toward the piriformis muscle (Read more!). It then leaves the pelvic cavity through the greater sciatic foramen, passing superior to the piriformis muscle (via the suprapiriform foramen). It is the only nerve that exits the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle.

This nerve is accompanied by the superior gluteal artery and superior gluteal veins, sharing a similar course and branching pattern with these vessels. Once it reaches the gluteal region, it divides into superior and inferior branches that follow the course of the superior gluteal artery and its corresponding branches of the deep branch.

Within the gluteal region, the superior gluteal nerve passes over the inferior aspect of the gluteus minimus, then travels anteriorly and laterally between the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius muscles, eventually reaching the tensor fasciae latae muscle. It innervates the mentioned muscles - the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.

The superior branch of the superior gluteal nerve accompanies the same-named branch of the deep branch of the superior gluteal artery. It innervates the gluteus medius and occasionally the gluteus minimus muscle.
The inferior branch travels with the corresponding branch of the deep branch of the superior gluteal artery and supplies the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles.

Unlock with Premium

Superior gluteal nerve