The superior vena cava (SVC) is a short large-diameter vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the human body. It is about 2.8 inches (7 cm) long and 0.8 inches (2 cm) wide.

Overall, the superior vena cava receives veins that drain the upper body above the diaphragm - head and neck, thorax and upper limbs. It carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.

Most of the superior vena cava is positioned within the superior mediastinum. However, before the SVC enters the heart, it is covered by the pericardium. Therefore, a small portion of the SVC is located within the middle mediastinum.

The superior vena cava is formed by the union of the right brachiocephalic vein and left brachiocephalic vein. The merging site is found posterior to the inferior border of the first right costal cartilage. The SVC then descends vertically, traveling posterior to the second and third intercostal spaces.

The superior vena cava ends at the inferior border of the third right costal cartilage, draining into the right atrium via a valveless orifice that is found posterolateral to the auricle of the right atrium.

Immediately before entering the pericardial sac at the level of the second right costal cartilage, the SVC receives the azygos vein and may also receive pericardial veins and mediastinal veins.

Unlock with Premium

Superior vena cava (SVC)