The thyroid gland is related to numerous structures, including the following ones:

Anterolateral - infrahyoid and superficial neck muscles (sternothyroid (Read more!), sternohyoid (Read more!), sternocleidomastoid (Read more!) and superior belly of the omohyoid;
Posterolateral - carotid sheath containing the common carotid artery (Read more!), internal jugular vein (Read more!) and vagus nerve (CN X); (Read more!);
Posterior - prevertebral fascia, spine (Read more!) and parathyroid glands (Read more!);
Medial - cricothyroid muscle, larynx (cricoid and thyroid cartilages), recurrent laryngeal nerve (Read more!), external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (Read more!), trachea (Read more!) and esophagus (Read more!).

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Anatomical relations