The gallbladder and biliary tree receive parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory innervation:

The parasympathetic innervation happens through the vagus nerve (CN X). The fibers of the vagus nerve innervate the gallbladder, common bile duct and hepatopancreatic ampulla either directly (usually branches of the left vagus nerve) or through the hepatic plexuses.
The sympathetic innervation is mainly provided by the splanchnic nerves (T7 - T9) (Read more!) that reach the liver via the celiac plexus.
The sensory innervation comes from the right phrenic nerve.

The smooth muscle cells within the gallbladder contract in response to the hormone cholecystokinin and vagal stimulation. In contrast, muscles of the gallbladder relax in response to sympathetic stimulation.

Hepatic plexuses

The liver has two plexuses - anterior and posterior hepatic plexuses. They not only supply the liver but also the biliary tract. Both plexuses communicate with each other.

The anterior hepatic plexus travels along the course of the hepatic artery and forms a sheath around it. It is formed by the left vagus nerve (CN X) and nerves from the right celiac ganglion and left celiac ganglion. The anterior hepatic plexus innervates the gallbladder, cystic duct and the retropancreatic segment of the common bile duct.
The posterior hepatic plexus receives nerve fibers from the right vagus nerve (CN X) and the right celiac ganglion. It runs and ramifies around the main hepatic portal vein. Most of the nerves forming the posterior hepatic plexus enter the liver and supply the intrahepatic ducts.

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Innervation of biliary system