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Thorax

In this chapter, explore the muscles and other anatomical structures forming the thoracic walls, learn about the pleura, lungs, and the diaphragm. Also, get to know the main arteries, veins and nerves of the thoracic walls.

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Thoracic wall muscles

This study unit provides information about muscles filling and supporting the intercostal spaces, muscles extending between the sternum and ribs, and the ones crossing ribs between costal attachments.

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Superior mediastinum

This chapter includes an overview of the mediastinum, taking a closer look at the boundaries of the superior mediastinum, as well as the organs, vessels, nerves it contains.

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Inferior mediastinum

In this section, learn which structures are found within the anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the inferior mediastinum. It includes information about the thoracic aorta, azygos venous system and thoracic duct, vagus nerve, and sympathetic trunk.

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External anatomy of the heart

In this study unit, get to know the pericardium and the external anatomical landmarks of the heart. This section also includes an overview of the coronary veins, arteries, and branches.

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Internal anatomy of the heart

Study in detail the anatomy of the atria and ventricles of the heart, learn about their walls, and anatomical landmarks they contain.

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Lungs

In this segment, we look at the anatomy of the trachea, bronchi, and alveolar sacs, providing extra detailed information about the lungs. This section also reviews the innervation, blood supply of the lungs, and the pulmonary circulation.

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