The axis is the second cervical vertebra.

It is characterized by a large tooth-like projection called the dens, which extends superiorly from the vertebral body.

The anterior surface of the dens articulates with the anterior arch of the atlas, while the two superolateral surfaces have impressions that serve as attachment sites for alar ligaments.

The anterior components of the axis include:

Body
Dens
Lateral mass with superior and inferior articular facets
Transverse process (2) with transverse foramina

Its posterior components include:

Unlock with Premium

Axis (C2)