The proximal epiphysis is the upper end of the femur, and it features:

Head of the femur - the most upper part of the bone, which is directed upward, medially and a little forward, and is globular-shaped. The femoral head features the fovea capitis (fovea of the head), which is a depression that serves for attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur;
Neck of the femur - the portion of the femur between the femoral head and the greater trochanter, supports the femoral head;
Greater trochanter - a large prominence on the superolateral aspect of the femur shaft for attachment of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis muscles. It also features the trochanteric fossa, which is a depression medial to the root of the greater trochanter that serves as the origin site of the internal obturator, external obturator and gemelli muscles;
Lesser trochanter - a small prominence on the posteromedial aspect of the proximal part of the femur for attachment of the iliopsoas muscle;
Intertrochanteric line - a rough anterior line between the diaphysis and neck of the femur, extending from the greater trochanter to lesser trochanter;
Intertrochanteric crest - a posterior bony ridge between the diaphysis and neck of the femur, running from the greater trochanter to lesser trochanter.

The diaphysis of the femur features:

Linea aspera (from latin meaning "rough line") - a rough double line on the posterior aspect of the femoral shaft for attachment of the two vasti muscles (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis) and the short head of the biceps femoris, and it also serves as the insertion site for the adductors. The linea aspera is divided into two so called lips - medial lip and lateral lip. Above, the linea aspera is prolonged by three ridges (lateral, intermedial, medial);
Pectineal line - a bony ridge on the shaft of the femur extending downward from the lesser trochanter, nearly reaching the linea aspera. The pectineal line gives attachment to the pectineus muscle;
Gluteal tuberosity - a rough, oblong field on the shaft of the femur continuous with the linea aspera superolaterally. The gluteal tuberosity is the insertion site of the gluteus maximus muscle;
Popliteal surface - a triangular field on the posterior aspect of the femur on the distal part of the femoral shaft between the intercondylar line and the diverging lips of the linea aspera. The popliteal artery lies upon the popliteal surface.

The distal epiphysis of the femur is the lower end of the bone, and it features:

Medial condyle - the medial knee joint surface of the femur, which has an articular surface and a medial epicondyle - a bony elevation on the medial aspect of the medial condyle;
Lateral condyle - the lateral knee joint surface of the femur, which also features an articular surface and an epicondyle. The lateral epicondyle is a bony elevation on the lateral aspect of the lateral condyle;
Intercondylar fossa - a deep identation between the two condyles of the femur, serving as an important structure for several ligaments that strengthen the knee joint;
Patellar surface - the surface on the distal end of the femur that articulates with the articular surface of the patella.

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Features of femur